Publications of Stephen Toulmin: A Working Bibliography

Version of May 1996

This bibliography was compiled for the members of the Darwin-L discussion group by Robert J. O’Hara (rjohara@post.harvard.edu), with assistance from Patricia C. Dew. This is a working bibliography: I have not seen all of the items listed, and some of the citations are incomplete. The listing of works by Toulmin is relatively comprehensive; the list of works about Toulmin has been assembled much more casually. Additions and corrections are welcome. The master copy of this bibliography is maintained in the Files section of the Darwin-L Archives (rjohara.net/darwin). This bibliography may be freely distributed in print or electronically as long as the references and this header remain intact. Additional bibliographies on the history of systematics, on trees of history, and on the narrative in the historical sciences are also available in the Darwin-L Archives.

Note · May 2004: A small number of additions and corrections have been made to this bibliography since it was initially compiled in 1996, but no attempt has been made to comprehensively revise it since that time.

Works by Toulmin

• Toulmin, Stephen. 1947–48. World stuff and nonsense. The Cambridge Journal, 1: ?–?.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1949. The logical status of psychoanalysis. Analysis, October 1949.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1950. An Examination of the Place of Reason in Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Reprinted 1958, 1970; see also 1986 edition with new preface.]
  • Ritchie, A.D. 1951. Reason in ethics. [Review of An Examination of the Place of Reason in Ethics.] Nature, 167: 872–873.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1953. The Philosophy of Science: An Introduction. London: Hutchinson. [American edition, New York: Rinehart]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1957. Contemporary scientific mythology. Pp. 11–81 in: Metaphysical Beliefs: Three Essays (Alasdair MacIntyre, ed.). London: SCM Press Ltd.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1957. Crucial experiments: Priestly and Lavoisier. Journal of the History of Ideas, 18: 205–220.
  • Duveen, Denis. 1957. [Notice of “Crucial experiments....”] Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences, 10: 268.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1958. The Uses of Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Urmson, J.O. 1958. The province of logic. [Review of The Uses of Argument.] Nature, 182: 212–213.
  • Hardin, Clyde L. 1959. [Review of The Uses of Argument.] Philosophy of Science, 26: 160–163.
  • Koerner, Stephen. 1959. [Review of The Uses of Argument.] Mind, 68: 425–427.
  • Will, Frederick L. 1960. [Review of The Uses of Argument.] Philosophical Review, 69: 399–403.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1959. Criticism in the history of science: Newton on absolute space, time, and motion, I. Philosophical Review, 68: 1–29.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1959. Criticism in the history of science: Newton on absolute space, time, and motion, II. Philosophical Review, 68: 203–227.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1961. Foresight and Understanding: An Enquiry Into the Aims of Science. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. (Foreword by Jacques Barzun.) [Reprinted Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1981.]
  • Collinder, P. 1962. [Review of Foresight and Understanding.] Lychnos, 1962: 393–394.
  • Achinstein, Peter. 1963. [Review of Foresight and Understanding.] Isis, 54: 408–410.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1961. Seventeenth century science and the arts. Pp. 3–28 in: Seventeenth Century Science and the Arts (Hedley Howell Rhys, ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press. (The William J. Cooper Foundation Lectures, Swarthmore College, 1960.)
• Toulmin, Stephen, & June Goodfield. 1961. The Fabric of the Heavens. London: Hutchinson. [American edition, New York: Harper & Row.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1962. Historical inference in science: geology as a model for cosmology. Monist, 47: 142–158.
• Toulmin, Stephen, & June Goodfield. 1962. The Architecture of Matter. New York: Harper & Row. [Reprinted Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977, 1982.]
  • S., H.J. 1962. [Review of The Architecture of Matter.] Ambix, 10: 143–144.
  • Montgomery, D.J. 1963. [Review of The Architecture of Matter.] Physics Today, 16(10): 68–70.
  • Williams, L. Pierce. 1964. [Review of The Architecture of Matter.] Isis, 55: 102–104.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1963. Night Sky at Rhodes. London: Methuen. [American edition, New York: Harcourt Brace, 1964.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1963. Science and our intellectual tradition. Advancement of Science, 20(May): 28–34.
• [1963. Memoirs and Proceedings, Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.]
• Goodfield, June, & Stephen Toulmin. 1964. The qattara: a primitive distillation and extraction apparatus still in use. Isis, 55: 339–342.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1964. The complexity of scientific choice: a stocktaking. Minerva, 2(3): 343–359.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1964. The importance of Norbert Wiener. New York Review of Books, 3(3): 3–5, 24 September 1964.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1964. Philosophy and the history of science. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Hist. Sci. (Ithaca, 1962), 1: 225–230. Paris: Hermann.
• Goodfield, June, & Stephen Toulmin. 1965. How was the tunnel of Eupalinus aligned? Isis, 56: 46–55.
• Toulmin, Stephen, & June Goodfield. 1965. The Discovery of Time. New York: Harper & Row. [Reprinted Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977, 1982.]
  • Watanabe, Satoshi. 1966. [Review of The Discovery of Time.] Isis, 57: 127–129.
  • Johnston, F. E. 1966. [Review of The Discovery of Time.] American Scientist, 54: 371A–372A.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1966. The complexity of scientific choice: culture, overhead, or tertiary industry? Minerva, 4(2): 155–169.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1966. The plausibility of theories. Journal of Philosophy, 63: 624–627.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1967. Conceptual revolutions in science. Synthese, 17: 75–91.
  • Mink, Louis O. 1967. Comment on Stephen Toulmin’s ‘Conceptual revolutions in science.’ Synthese, 17: 92–99.
  • Kordig, Carl R. 1968. On prescribing description. Synthese, 18: 459–461. [Reply to Toulmin, 1967.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1967. The evolutionary development of natural science. American Scientist, 55: 456–471. (“A Sigma Xi–RESA National Lecture, Spring, 1966.”)
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1967. Neuroscience and human understanding. Pp. 822–832 in: The Neurosciences (Gardner C. Quarton, Theodore Melnuchuk, & Francis O. Schmitt, eds.). New York: Rockefeller University Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1969. From logical analysis to conceptual history. Pp. 25–52 in: The Legacy of Logical Postivism, Studies in the Philosophy of Science (Peter Achinstein & Stephen F. Barker, eds.). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1969. Ludwig Wittgenstein. Encounter, 32(1): 58–71.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1970. Does the distinction between normal and revolutionary science hold water? Pp. 39–47 in: Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge (Imre Lakatos & Alan Musgrave, eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen, ed. 1970. Physical Reality: Philosophical Essays on Twentieth-Century Physics. New York: Harper & Row.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1970. Reasons and causes. Pp. 1–26 in: Explanation in the Behavioural Sciences (Robert Borger & Frank Cioffi, eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [“Comment” by R.S. Peters follows, pp. 27–41; “Reply” by Toulmin follows Peters, pp. 42–48.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1971. Brain and language: a commentary. Synthese, 22: 369–395.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1971. Rediscovering history: new directions in philosophy of science. Encounter, 36(1): 53–64.
  • Sampson, Geoffrey. 1972. Can language be explained functionally? Synthese, 23: 477–486. [Reply to Toulmin, 1971.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1972. The mentality of man’s brain. Pp. 409–422 in: Brain and Human Behavior (A.G. Karczmar & J.C. Eccles, eds.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
• Hanson, Norwood Russell. 1972. What I Do Not Believe, and Other Essays (Stephen Toulmin & Harry Woolf, eds.). Dordrecht: Reidel.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1972. The historical background to the anti-science movement. Pp. 23–32 in: Civilization and Science: In Conflict or Collaboration? Amsterdam: Associated Scientific Publishers. (A Ciba Foundation Symposium.)
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1972. Human Understanding, Volume 1: The Collective Use and Development of Concepts. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [American edition, Princeton: Princeton University Press.]
  • Levere, Trevor. 1972. Epistemology and science. [Review of Human Understanding.] Nature, 240: 268.
  • Cohen, L. Jonathan. 1973. Is the progress of science evolutionary? [Essay review of Human Understanding.] British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 24: 41–61.
  • Devettere, Raymond J. 1973. [Review of Human Understanding.] International Philosophical Quarterly, 13: 449–452.
  • Haworth, L.L. 1973. [Review of Human Understanding.] Philosophy of Science, 40: 453–454.
  • Hull, David L. 1973. A populational approach to scientific change. [Review of Human Understanding.] Science, 182: 1121–1124.
  • Krausz, Michael. 1973. [Review of Human Understanding.] Dialogue, 12: 356–359.
  • Schmid, M. 1973. [Review of Human Understanding.] Zeitschrift für allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie, 4: 398–402.
  • Bloor, David. 1974. Rearguard rationalism. [Review of Human Understanding.] Isis, 65: 249–253.
  • Thackray, Arnold. 1974. [Review of Human Understanding.] British Journal for the History of Science, 7: 80–81.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1972. Reply. Synthese, 23: 487–490. [Reply to Sampson, 1972.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1973. Rationality and the changing aims of inquiry. Pp. 885–903 in: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress for Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
• Toulmin, Stephen, & Allan Janik. 1973. Wittgenstein’s Vienna. New York: Simon and Schuster.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1974. The Alexandrian trap: thoughts on “the eternal scientist.” Encounter, 42(1): 61–72.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1974. The end of the Parmenidean era. Pp. 171–184 in: The Interaction Between Science and Philosophy (Y. Elkana, ed.). Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press. [Followed by general discussion, pp. 185–193, in which Toulmin participates.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1974. Rationality and scientific discovery. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 20: 387–406.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1974. Rules and their relevance for understanding human behavior. Pp. 185–215 in: Understanding Other Persons (Theodore Mischel, ed.). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1974. Scientific strategies and historical change. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 11: 401–414.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1975. Commentary [on “Why did Copernicus’ research program supersede Ptolemy’s?” by Imre Lakatos & Elie Zahar]. Pp. 384–391 in: The Copernican Achievement (Robert S. Westman, ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. (UCLA Center for Medieval and Rennaisance Studies, Contributions, VII.)
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1975. Concepts of function and mechanism in medicine and medical science. Pp. 51–66 in: Evaluation and Explanation in the Biomedical Sciences (H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., & S.F. Spiker, eds.). Dordrecht: D. Reidel. (Proceedings of the first trans-disciplinary symposium on philosophy and medicine held at Galveston, May 9–11, 1974.)
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1975. Introduction: The end of the Copernican era? Pp. 189–198 in: The Nature of Scientific Discovery: A Symposium Commemorating the 500th Anniversary of the Birth of Nicolaus Copernicus (Owen Gingerich, ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. (Smithsonian International Symposia Series, 5.)
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1975. Exploring the moderate consensus. Hastings Center Report, 5(3): 31–35, June.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1975. The twin moralities of science. Pp. 111–124 in: Science and Society: Past, Present, and Future (Nicholas H. Steneck, ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Skolimowski, Henryk. 1975. Commentary: the moral dilemmas of science. [Commentary on Toulmin’s “The twin moralities of science.”] Pp. 124–135 in: Science and Society: Past, Present, and Future (Nicholas H. Steneck, ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1976. Ethics and “social functioning”: the organic theory reconsidered. Pp. 195–217 in: Science, Ethics and Medicine (H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., & Daniel Callahan, eds). Hastings-on-Hudson: The Hastings Center. (The Foundations of Ethics and its Relationship to Science, Volume I.)
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1976. History, praxis and the “third world”: ambiguities in Lakatos’ theory of methodology. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 39: 655–675.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1976. Knowing and Acting: An Introduction to Philosophy. New York: Macmillan.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1976. On the nature of the physician’s understanding. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 1: 32–50.
• Toulmin, Stephen., & Carol F. Feldman. 1976. Logic and the theory of mind. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 23: 409–476. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1977. From form to function: philosophy and history of science in the 1950s and now. Daedalus, 106: 143–162. [Includes some autobiographical material.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1977. The meaning of professionalism. Pp. 254–278 in: Knowledge, Value and Belief (H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., & Daniel Callahan, eds.). Hastings-on-Hudson: The Hastings Center. (The Foundations of Ethics and its Relationship to Science, Volume II.)
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1978. In vitro fertilization: answering the ethical objections. Hastings Center Report, 8(5): 9–11, October.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1978. The moral psychology of science. Pp. 48–67 in: Morals, Science, and Sociality (H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., & Daniel Callahan, eds.). Hastings-on-Hudson: The Hastings Center. (The Foundations of Ethics and its Relationship to Science, Volume III.) [“Response to Stephen Toulmin” by Gunther S. Stent follows, pp. 68–72.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1978. The Mozart of psychology. New York Review of Books, 28 September 1978, pp. 51–57. [Review of works about Vygotsky.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1978. Psychoanalysis, physics, and the mind-body problem. Annual of Psychoanalysis, 6: 315–336. [Discussion follows by Paul Ricoeur (pp. 336–342) and Don R. Swanson (pp. 343–351).]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1978. You Norman, me Saxon. Encounter, 50(3): 89–93.
  • Dennys, Rodney O. 1979. You Celt, me Neolithic man. [Discussion of Toulmin’s “You Norman, me Saxon.”] Encounter, 53(2): 77–81.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1979. Arthur Koestler’s theodicy: on sin, science, and politics. Encounter, 52(2): 46–57.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1979. Can science and ethics be reconnected? Hastings Center Report, 9(3): 27–34, June.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1979. Causation and the locus of medical intervention. Pp. 59–72 in: Changing Values in Medicine (Eric. J. Cassell & Mark Siegler, eds.). New York: University Publications of America.
  • Engelhardt, H. Tristram, Jr. 1979. Causal accounts in medicine: a commentary on Stephen Toulmin. Pp. 73–?? in: Changing Values in Medicine (Eric J. Cassell & Mark Siegler, eds.). New York: University Publications of America.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1979. The Inwardness of Mental Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Center for Policy Study. (Nora and Edward Ryerson Lecture, 30 April 1979.)
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1979. The inwardness of mental life. Critical Inquiry, 6: 1–16.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1979. The moral admissibility or inadmissibility of nontherapeutic fetal experiment. Pp. 113–139 in: Medical Responsibility (Wade L. Robison, ed.). Clifton, New Jersey: Humana Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1979. [Reply to Dennys, 1979.] Encounter, 53(2): 77–81.
• Toulmin, Stephen, Richard Reike, & Allan Janik. 1979. An Introduction to Reasoning. New York: Macmillan. [See also second edition, 1984.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1980. How can we reconnect the sciences with the foundations of ethics. Pp. 44–64 in: Knowing and Valuing: The Search for Common Roots (H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., & Daniel Callahan, ed.). Hastings-on-Hudson: Hastings Center.
  • Graham, Loren R. 1980. The multiple connections between science and ethics: response to Stephen Toulmin. Pp. 65–78 in: Knowing and Valuing: The Search for Common Roots (H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., & Daniel Callahan, ed.). Hastings-on-Hudson: Hastings Center.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1980. The intellectual authority and the social context of the scientific enterprise: Holton, Rescher and Lakatos. Minerva, 18: 652–667. [Essay review of works by Holton, Rescher, and Lakatos.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1981. Human adaptation. Pp. 176–195 in: The Philosophy of Evolution (U.J. Jensen & R. Harre, eds.). New York: St. Martin’s Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1981. The common law tradition. Hastings Center Report, 11(4): 12–13, August. [From the series: Marriage, morality, and sex-change surgery: four traditions in case ethics.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1981. The emergence of post-modern science. Great Ideas Today, 1981: 69–114.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1981. Teleology in contemporary science and philosophy. Neue Hefte für Philosophie, 20: ??–??.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1981. The tyranny of principles. Hastings Center Report, 11(6): 31–38, December.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1982. The construal of reality: criticism in modern and postmodern science. Critical Inquiry, 9: 93–111.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1982. The Return to Cosmology: Postmodern Science and the Theology of Nature. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1984. The new philosophy of science and the “paranormal.” Skeptical Inquirer, 9: 48–55.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1984. Introduction. Pp. vii–xxii in: John Dewey: The Later Works, 1925–1953, Volume 4: 1929 (Jo Ann Boydston, ed.). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1984. Cosmology as science and as religion. Pp. 27–41 in: On Nature (Leroy S. Rouner, ed.). Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1984. The evolution of Margaret Mead. New York Review of Books, 31(19): 3–9, 6 December 1984. [Review of Margaret Mead, A Life, by Jane Howard, and With a Daughter’s Eye, by Mary Catherine Bateson.]
• Toulmin, Stephen, Richard Rieke, & Allan Janik. 1984. An Introduction to Reasoning (second edition). New York: Macmillan; London: Collier Macmillan.
• Toulmin Stephen. 1985. The Inner Life, The Outer Mind. Worcester: Clark University Press. (Heinz Werner Lecture Series, vol. 15, 1984.)
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1985. Nature and nature’s god. Journal of Religious Ethics, 13: 37–52, Spring 1985.
• Toulmin, Stephen, et al. 1985. Pluralism and responsibility in post-modern science: a seminar with Stephen E. Toulmin. Science, Technology, and Human Values, 10(1): 28–37.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1986. The ambiguities of self-understanding. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 16: 41–55, March 1986.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1986. Die Verleumdung der Rhetorik. Neue Hefte für Philosophie, 26: 55–68.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1986. Divided loyalties and ambiguous relationships. Social Science and Medicine, 23(8): 783–787.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1986. The Place of Reason in Ethics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [Reprint of 1950 edition, with a new preface.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1986. How medicine saved the life of ethics. Pp. 265–281 in: New Directions in Ethics: The Challenge of Applied Ethics (Joseph P. DeMarco & Richard M. Fox, eds.). New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1986. The limits of allegiance in a nuclear age. Pp. 359–372 in: Nuclear Weapons and the Future of Humanity (Avner Cohen & Steven Lee, eds.). Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman & Allanheld.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1987. The conscientious spy. New York Review of Books, 19 November 1987, pp. 54–60. [Review of Klaus Fuchs, Atom Spy, by Robert Chadwell Williams, and Klaus Fuchs: The Man Who Stole the Atom Bomb, by Norman Moss.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1987. An interview with Stephen Toulmin. Liberal Education, 73(1): 4–9. [Interviewed by Mara Tapp.]
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1987. The National Commission of Human Experimentation: procedures and outcomes. Pp. 599–613 in: Scientific Controversies: Case Studies in the Resolution and Closure of Disputes in Science and Technology (H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., & Arthur L. Caplan, eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Jonsen, Alfred R., & Stephen Toulmin. 1988. The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1988. The recovery of practical philosophy. American Scholar, 57: 337–352.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1990. Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity. New York: Free Press.
  • Luecke, Richard. 1990. The oral, the local and the timely. [Review of Cosmopolis.] The Christian Century, 3 October 1990, pp. 875–878.
  • Skinner, Quentin. 1990. The past in the present. [Review of Cosmopolis.] New York Review of Books, 12 April 1990, pp. 36–37.
  • Steiner, Wendy. The post-modern is now. [Review of Cosmopolis and one other work.] New York Times Book Review, [date?], pp. 15–16.
  • Todorov, Tzvetan. 1990. Postmodernism, a primer. [Review of Cosmopolis and two other works.] New Republic, 21 May 1990, pp. 32–35.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1990. From Leviathan to Liliput. Pp. 73–86 in: Celebrating Peace (Leroy S. Rouner, ed.). Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1990. Medical institutions and their moral constraints. Pp. 21–32 in: Integrity in Health Care Institutions: Humane Environments for Teaching, Inquiry, and Healing (Ruth Ellen Bulger & Stanley Joel Reiser, eds.). Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 1990. A question of character. [Review of Schrödinger: Life and Thought, by Walter Moore.] New York Review of Books, 28 June 1990, pp. 48–51.
• Toulmin, Stephen, & Bjorn Gustavsen, eds. 1996. Beyond Theory: Changing Organizations Through Participation.
• Toulmin, Stephen. 2001. Return to Reason. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Works about Toulmin (arranged chronologically)

• Cooley, J.C. 1959. On Mr. Toulmin’s revolution in logic. Journal of Philosophy, 56: 297–319.
• Brockriede, Wayne E., & Douglas Ehninger. 1960. Toulmin on argument: an interpretation and application. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 46: 44–53, February 1960.
• Castaneda, Hector Neri. 1960. On a proposed revolution in logic. Philosophy of Science, 27: 279–292.
• Bird, Otto. 1961. The re-discovery of the topics. Mind, 70: 534–539.
• Ehninger, Douglas, & Wayne Brockriede. 1963. Decision by Debate. New York: Dodd, Mead. [esp. chaps. 8, 10, 11, 15]
• King-Farlow, John. 1963. Toulmin’s analysis of probability. Theoria, 29: 12–26.
• Cowan, James L. 1964. The uses of argument—an apology for logic. Mind, 73: 27–45.
• McCroskey, James. 1965. Toulmin and the basic course. Speech Teacher, 14: 91–100, March.
• Windes, Russell, & Arthur Hastings. 1965. Argumentation and Advocacy. New York: Random House. [esp. chap. 5]
• Trent, Jimmie D. 1968. Toulmin’s model of an argument: an examination and extension. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 54: 252–259.
• Manicas, Peter. 1969. On Toulmin’s contribution to logic and argumentation. Journal of the American Forensic Association, 6: 1–11.
• D’Angelo, Gary. 1971. A schema for the utilization of attitude theory within the Toulmin model of argument. Central States Speech Journal, 22: 100–109.
• Lewis, Albert J. 1972. Stephen Toulmin: a reappraisal. Central States Speech Journal, 23: 48–55, Spring.
• Hart, Roderick P. 1973. On applying Toulmin: the analysis of practical discourse. Pp. 75–95 in: Explorations in Rhetorical Criticism (G.P. Mohrmann, J. Stewart, & D. Ochs, eds.). University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
• Hample, Dale. 1977. The Toulmin model and the syllogism. Journal of the American Forensic Association, 14: 1–9, Summer.
• Nilstun, Tore. 1979. Moral Reasoning: A Study in the Moral Philosophy of Stephen E. Toulmin. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
• Stratman, James F. 1982. Teaching written argument: the significance of Toulmin’s layout for sentence combining. College English, 44: 718–733.
• Bolognini, Silvio. 1983. “Storia” e “politica” in Stephen E. Toulmin. Milano: Angeli. [91 pp., notes]
• Stone, Harold. 1983. A note on Vico studies today: Toulmin and the development of academic disciplines. New Vico Studies, 1983: 69–75.
• Kneupper, Charles W. 1984. The tyranny of logic and the freedom of argumentation. Pre/Text, 5: 113–121.
• Dellapenna, Joseph W., & Kathleen M. Farrell. 1987. Models of judicial discourse: the search for argument fields. Pp. 94–101 in: Argumentation: Analysis and Practices (Frans H. van Eemeren et al., eds.). Dordrecht: Foris.
• Leary, David E. 1987. [Biographical sketch.] Pp. 774–776 in: Thinkers of the Twentieth Century (second edition) (Roland Turner, ed.). Chicago and London: St. James Press.
• Seibert, Thomas-M. 1987. The arguments of a judge. Pp. 119–122 in: Argumentation: Analysis and Practices (Frans H. van Eemeren et al., eds.). Dordrecht: Foris.
• Zappel, Kristiane. 1987. Argumentation and literary text: towards an operational model. Pp. 217–224 in: Argumentation: Analysis and Practices (Frans H. van Eemeren et al., eds.). Dordrecht: Foris.
• Anonymous. 1988. Back from a dead end. Los Angeles Times, 3 July 1988, section V, page 4, col. 1. [Editorial in praise of Toulmin’s call for a return to practical philosophy.]
• Bove, Paul A. 1988. The rationality of disciplines: the abstract understanding of Stephen Toulmin. Pp. 42–70 in: After Foucault: Humanistic Knowledge, Postmodern Challenges (Jonathan Arac, ed.). New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
• Tanner, William E., & Betty Kay Seibt, eds. 1991. The Toulmin Method: Exploration and Controversy. A Festschrift in Honor of Stephen E. Toulmin. Arlington, Texas: Liberal Arts Press.